Humility

 Humility is both the doorway and the road of devotional life. When a seeker bows to the Guru’s instruction, willingly “losing” with the Guru rather than competing for credit, the heart is softened and the chains of material proprietorship begin to fall away. In that surrender one discovers the paradoxical strength that flows from genuine meekness: there are no enemies in a heart that has accepted Krishna as the supreme friend. Brahmā and Indra teach us that even exalted beings falter when pride swells, yet the moment they humbled themselves, Krishna welcomed them back, proving that progress in bhakti is measured only by the degree to which ego has been dissolved.

False proprietorship and envy are twin thieves that rob the soul of peace. Envy swells the false ego, contaminating every relationship and making it impossible to taste the sweet harmony of Vaiṣṇava association. But chanting the holy name reconnects us to our eternal identity; each mantra is an invitation to Swarūpa-siddhi, the full awakening of the soul’s natural form and service. As diseases and enemies grow uncontrollable when neglected, so the senses become tyrannical if not restrained early; therefore daily bhajan is not an option but a sacred duty. When the mind complains, “Why must I serve?” the humble devotee replies, “Because service is my nature, and Krishna’s mercy is everything I have.”

Service attitude matters more than the externals of the service rendered. A leader in bhakti willingly sacrifices personal comfort, grateful for both the positive and negative circumstances that Krishna arranges as examinations of faith. Real selfishness is caring for the soul: cultivating mercy, forbearance (titikṣā), compassion (karuṇā), and the ability to rejoice in the qualities (guṇa) of sādhus rather than compete with them. Association therefore becomes crucial; by seeking the company of those who sincerely want to know Krishna, one’s own desire is fanned into a pure flame.

Jagannātha Purī reminds us that wherever the Lord is worshipped with love, all pathways—smaraṇa, prasāda, tīrtha, nāma, darśana, residence, even the final moment of death—lead to liberation. In that sacred vision every material endeavor is seen as ultimately void unless it inclines the heart toward devotional service. Gratitude then becomes instinctive: we thank Krishna for literally everything, never forgetting His help even after our prayers are answered. For the conditioned soul trapped in the material world because of envy, this grateful humility is the passport to freedom. The nearer we draw to God, the more our pride melts away, until, beyond the extremes of pain and pleasure, only the pure joy of loving service remains—the very conclusion of all philosophy and the true invocation of our eternal individua

lity.

Optimizing Memory Retention and Revision Techniques

 

1. Revision with Standard Techniques and Mnemonics Reduces

Repetition Times

Mnemonics, like acronyms, rhymes, and visualization, are powerful

memory aids. By associating complex information with simple,

memorable cues, learners can significantly reduce the need for

frequent revisions. For example, the acronym 'HOMES' helps

remember the Great Lakes: Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and

Superior.

2. Repetition as a Learning Technique

Repetition strengthens neural connections, making information

retrieval easier. Known as 'spaced repetition,' it leverages the brain's

natural forgetting curve to ensure information is reviewed before it is

forgotten.

3. Repetition from the Same Material is More Effective

Using the same source material for revision prevents cognitive

overload and ensures consistency. Familiar formats and structure

enhance comprehension and retention.

4. Emotionally Attached Information is Remembered Longer

Emotional arousal activates the amygdala, a part of the brain that

strengthens memory encoding. For instance, we tend to remember

emotional events like birthdays or achievements without much effort.

5. Memory Techniques Reduce Revision Times and Improve

Retention

Techniques such as the Method of Loci (memory palace), chunking,

and visualization help reduce revision time while increasing retention.

For example, chunking a long phone number into smaller groups

(e.g., 123-456-7890) makes it easier to recall.

6. Cramming vs. Spaced Repetition

Cramming leads to short-term retention but rapid forgetting. On the

other hand, spaced repetition spreads out learning sessions over

time, improving long-term memory. Research by Ebbinghaus shows

that spaced repetition significantly improves information retention

over weeks and months.

7. Lack of Revision Can Lead to Forgetting Basic Information

If information is not revised consciously or indirectly reinforced, it

can be forgotten, even something as fundamental as one's name.

Regular engagement with material keeps it active in the memory.

8. The Forgetting Curve

Studies by Hermann Ebbinghaus reveal that humans forget 50% of

new information within an hour of learning it. This increases to 70%

within 24 hours and continues to decline without reinforcement.

Spaced repetition combats this curve effectively.

9. Conscious Revision is Essential

Deliberate and mindful revision is necessary to encode information

into long-term memory. Passive reading or skimming does not

suffice. Techniques like self-quizzing and active recall significantly

enhance retention.

10. Revising Material Nine Times at Intervals is Better than Cramming

Studies suggest revising new material at least nine times over spaced

intervals optimizes long-term retention. For example:

- Review immediately after learning.

- Revise after 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, etc.

This contrasts with cramming, which involves revising 10 times in a

short period, offering minimal long-term benefit.

11. Short-Term vs. Long-Term Revision

Cramming may be effective for exams the next day but fails in

retaining knowledge beyond the test. Long-term learning emphasizes

spaced repetition and understanding, making information accessible

even years later.

Key Facts and Figures:

- The forgetting curve demonstrates that without reinforcement, we

lose 50% of information in an hour, 70% in a day, and up to 90% in a

week.

- Spaced repetition improves retention by 30%-50% compared to

cramming.

- Using mnemonics can enhance recall by up to 20%-30%.

- Active recall is proven to be 25% more effective than passive study

techniques like rereading notes.

Memory Techniques for Effective Learning

 

1. Mnemonics

VIBGYOR → Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red (Colors of the rainbow)

BODMAS → Brackets, Orders, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction (Math order of operations)

2. Chunking Method

Breaking long information into small groups to remember easily.

Example: 9867543210 can be remembered as 986-754-3210.

3. Loci Method

Associating information with familiar locations (like rooms in a house).

Example: Room 1 = Fundamental Rights, Room 2 = Directive Principles of State Policy.

4. Acronyms

Using the first letter of multiple words to form a short, memorable word.

Example: HOMES (Great Lakes - Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior).

5. Storytelling Method

Turning difficult information into a story.

Example: Creating a travel story to remember the continents of the world.

6. Spaced Repetition

Reviewing information at increasing intervals (1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 15 days).

7. Association Method

Linking new information with existing knowledge.

Example: 'Earth has 71% water' → 'The human body also has around 70% water'.

8. Mind Maps

Using diagrams to organize and visualize related information.

Lapsi Enterprise Feasibility

 Table of Contents

 

Lapsi Enterprise pre-feasibility study

Introduction of Palika

Objectives of enterprise pre-feasibility study

Introduction to Lapsi Candy Enterprise

SWOT analysis

Conclusions and Way forward

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Likhutamakoshi is a Rural municipality located in the Ramechhap District of the Bagmati Province of Nepal. The municipality spans 124.51 square kilometres (48.07 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 23,109 according to a 2011 Nepal census. There are total of 59 Community Forest covering an area of 327.23 ha.

Likhutamakoshi is divided into 7 wards, with Bijulikot declared the administrative center of the rural municipality. The Rural municipality lies 565.008 m to 2780 m above sea level. It has the confluence of arable land, dry land, meadows, forests, shrubs and bushes. And the rainfall measures up to 125cm at monsoon.

The highest number of people comprises from the Kshetri community   followed by indigenous Tamang people.

 

 

 

Regarding the occupation and livelihood practices adopted by the people in Likhu  Tamakoshi Rural municipality , 78 % of the people are engaged  in Agriculture and Animal Husbandry which gives a clear idea that the dependency on forest resources from the community forestry in the area is high.

 

 

Objectives of enterprise pre-feasibility study

1. To identify the possibility of enterprise establishment in the area

2. Selection of possible CFUGs for enterprise establishment

3.  Identification of possible enterprise and CFUG based on resource availability and market potential, interest and motivation of community members, transportation facilities, existing skill and knowledge on the enterprises and scale-up

 

 

 

 

 

Introduction to Lapsi Candy Enterprise

This Forest based enterprise will be established in Ramechhap district, Likhu Tamakoshi Rural Municipality ward no.4. It will be operated by the User Group of Bhringeshwor Community Forest (38.85ha). There is abundance of Lapsi in this community forest area as well as nearby CF. In spite of its commercial potential, some of it has been used locally only but the rest of the resources are being wasted in the forest.

 

1. Description of product and services

Lapsi candy will be produced in the Lapsi industry of this Bhringeshwor CF.

 

2. Location of enterprise

This industry will remain within the area of Bhringeshwor CF. Appropriate location will be selected based on the availability of electricity, roads and water.

 

3. Targeted Market

The goods produced from this industry will be within the Likhu Tamakoshi Rural Municipality and Manthali market area of ​​Ramechhap district as the first market and the second market will be Dhulikhel market of Banepa.

 

4. Production Target (Monthly)

The following items will be produced monthly from this Lapsi industry:

Lapsi candy; 5000 packets; 1 kg per packet

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. Production process

The production process of this Lapsi industry will be as follows.

Collection of lapsi from forest and storage of lapsi

 

 Boiling in hot water and throwing bark and seed stone

     

 

Processing in the machine

 

 

Storage of packaging and finished goods

 

6. Details of Fixed Capital

This Lapsi industry requires the following fixed assets.

S.N.	Description	Unit	Total	Depreciation (10%)
1	Land	Ropani	50,000
2	Building	2	3,00,000	30,000
3	Machine, Tools, Utensils, Furniture, Etc		2,00,000	20,000
	Total		5,50,000	50,000

 

7. Required raw materials and costing

 

 

S.N.	Details of raw materials	Quantity	Rate	Total
1	Oil	250 l	250	62500
2	Salt	50 kg	20	10000
3	Sugar	50 kg	80	40000
4	Chilies, Spices	20 Kg	50	10000
5	Firewood	500 kg	5	2500
6	Plastic	2500	6	150000
7	Plastic Can	2500	10	50000
8	Lapsi	5000 kg	40	200000
9
	Total monthly cost			390000

 

8. Manpower and wage

 

S.N.	Description	Employee count	Monthly wage	Total wage 3 months
1	Manager	1	15000	180000
2	Skilled Manpower	3	45000	405000
	Total		60000	585000

 

 

 

9. Overhead costs

 

Description	Monthly cost	Annual cost
Electricity	1500	18000
Maintenance cost	2000	24000
Transport cost	1000	12000
Tea and snacks	500	6000
Total	5000	60000

 

10. Per Unit production costs

 

S.N.	Description	Amount
1	1-month raw material cost	390000
2	1-month labor wage	60000
3	1-month overhead cost	5000
4	1-month Total cost	455000
5	1-month Production amount	5000 packets
6	Per kg production cost	91

 

 

 

11. Fixed capital (Land, Building, Machine and Tools) = 550000 Cost before production = 10000     12. Working capital Total raw materials stock (1 month) = 390000 Stock of produced goods (½ month) = 212500 Unpaid goods total valuation (½ month) = 212500 Labor wage and overhead cost (1 month) = 65000 Total Working Capital = 880000   Total capital required = 11 + 12 = 1440000     13.  Annual Depreciation = 50000 Total annual production amount = 15000 packets Final cost = 91 + 3.33 = 94.333 (95) Profit = 110 % Selling cost per kg = 200                   14. Profit and Loss i. Income from Total annual sales Monthly (5000 kg) * 3 months * Rs.200 selling price = 3000000 ii. Annual cost Raw materials Monthly (390500) * 3 months = 1170000 Labor wage monthly = 60000 * 3 months = 180000 Overhead cost monthly (5000) * 12 = 60000 Annual Depreciation = 50000   Annual profit = Annual Income – Annual cost = 1540000

15.

Fixed cost: Indirect labor wage, Interest, Depreciation and Overhead cost

Movable expenses: Raw materials and Indirect labor

Break even point = Annual Fixed cost    * 100

Annual sales- Annual movable expenses

 

 

= 290000 * 100

 

3000000- 1170000

= 15.84 %

 

16.ROI

Net profit     * 100

 

Total Investment

 

= 1540000 * 100

1440000

= 106.94 %

 

 

SWOT analysis 

Strengths

 

a) Adequate raw materials availability

 

b) Human resource easily available

 

c) No cost of raw materials and land

 

d) Market demand good

 

e) Employment opportunities to local and unskilled manpower

 

f)  Utilization of otherwise wasted resources

 

g) Good Income

 

h) Good livelihood opportunity for local people

 

i) Unskilled and semi-skilled manpower can operate

 

j) Participation and inclusivity of local people

 

 

Weakness

 

a) Poor road condition to market

 

b) Unreliable power supply

 

c) Limitation in marketing of products

 

d) Management may not go well in long run

 

e) Seasonal nature of raw materials

 

 

Opportunities

 

a) Growing demand of local products by consumers

 

b) Local people actively looking for opportunities in their own community

 

c) High potential of income and employment

 

 

 

 

Threats

 

a)  Coordination with local government may not go as expected

 

b) Sustainability of enterprise

 

c) Management of enterprise in long run

 

 

Conclusions and Way forward

Analyzing the economic and technical aspects of the proposed Lapsi candy industry, we have come to the conclusion that it is profitable to operate this industry. Rs. 14,40,000 is required to start this industry, which is received in grants. This amount can be easily obtained from the profit of the first year. The return on investment of this industry is 107%.

The selected enterprise type and CFUG for forest-based enterprise establishment in this study seems to be profitable as the preliminary assessment shows sufficiently high economic value. The implementation and establishment of this enterprise will contribute to local community for the local economic development. Therefore, we conclude to implement it as quickly as possible.