Silviculture is defined as the art an science of cultivating forest crops. In other words, Silviculture includes both Silvics and its practical application. Silvics is defined as the study of life history and general characteristics of forest crops with particular reference to environmental factors, as the basis for practice of the silviculture.
Objectives of the Study of Silviculture
- Increasing the productivity of the forest
- To fulfill the multifarious requirements of the people with the cultivation of more valuable and useful species of trees
- Improvement of deteriorating natural forest and creating new man-made forest
- Maintaining the good forest condition of both natural and man-made forests by proper tending
A Silvicultural System is defined as a method of silvicultural procedure worked out in accordance with accepted sets of silvicultural principles by which crops constituting forests are tended, harvested and replaced by new crops of distinctive forms.
Silvicultural systems are primarily classified on the basis of the mode of regeneration and this is further classified according to the pattern of felling.
- High Forest Systems- These are the systems in which the regeneration is normally of seedling origin, either natural or artificial or a combination of the both and where the rotation is generally long.
a.Clear -felling System
b. Shelterwood System
c. Selection System
d. High Forest with reserve
e.Two Storeyed High Forest
f .Improvement Felling
2. Coppice Systems- These are those Silvicultural Systems in which the crop originates mainly from coppice and where the rotation of the Coppice is short. These systems are further classified into several Silvicultural systems on the pattern of felling.
a. Simple Coppice system
b.Coppice with Standards system
c. Coppice with reserve System
d. The Coppice of two Rotation system
e.The Coppice Selection system
f.The Shelter wood Coppice System
g. The pollarding
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